When TLR-9 agonist CpG was delivered by OND, the number of T, B, conventional DCs (cDCs) and pDCs in the LN increased at least threefold higher than that delivered by PPS NP (Fig. 10e), thus OND resulted in a nearly complete loss of LN EL4 tumor burden and a reduction of the size of the primary EL4 tumor (Fig. 10f–h). Here, TLR9 is linked to neoplasm.