A further 11 potential studies of interventions to reduce body fatness with biomarkers of insulin as outcomes were identified by our searches, but were subsequently excluded (Table S1) because they were not randomised, or they did not include a placebo control group, or there was no separate analysis for men, or the study did not measure the biomarkers we were interested in, or the study was of men undergoing resistance training or a large proportion (or all) of participants were known to have pre-existing prostate cancer or metabolic syndrome. This evidence concerns the gene INS and prostate cancer.