ATF1 and neoplasm: A study found that ATF1 in a wide variety of tumors plays a role as both an oncogene and a tumor suppressor gene by influencing the cell signal transduction pathways involved in tumor cells related to biological processes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, migration, invasion, and immune surveillance, which affects the occurrence and development of tumors (Pu, Storr & Ahmad, 2018).