Moreover, miR-145-5p expression is reduced in lung tissues of smokers without or with COPD and regulates p53-mediated apoptotic signaling, NF-κB signaling, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 by targeting kruppel like factor 5 (KLF5) (Dang et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.