Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) is a crucial transcription factor and persistent stimulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway provokes the exaggerated synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-8 and TNF-α, which leads to airway impairment in COPD patients (Edwards et al., 2009). The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.