In lungs and lung fibroblasts from mice, lncRNA pulmonary fibrosis-associated RNA (PFAR) functions as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-15a and in the regulation of yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1)-Twist expression, which is an important transcriptional effector in the Hippo pathway and implicated in the organ fibrosis process (Zhao et al., 2018; Sun et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene YAP1 and pulmonary fibrosis.