Genetic modifications of GSK-3β, β-catenin, or Wnt ligands (Wnt1 and Wnt9a) have been used to elucidate the role of Wnt/β-catenin activation in AKI and CKD (Bonventre and Yang, 2011; Bao et al., 2014; Zhou et al., 2013, 2018; Liu et al., 2020). This evidence concerns the gene WNT1 and chronic kidney disease.