TGFB1 and melanoma: To investigate the effect of TGFβ-, siLATS1/2–, and Wnt-3a–mediated signaling on melanoma phenotypes on a global level, we next performed gene set enrichment analysis using publicly available gene sets characterizing the proliferative or invasive melanoma cell state (Widmer et al, 2012; Verfaillie et al, 2015).