A reduction in proliferation together with activation of the p53 pathway and inflammatory signaling is a hallmark of senescence and would be consistent with previous work showing that depletion of Tbx2 causes senescence in fibroblasts as well as in B16 and human melanoma cell lines (Jacobs et al. 2000; Prince et al. 2004; Vance et al. 2005). This evidence concerns the gene TBX2 and melanoma.