Both IFN-γ and TNF-α have been shown to exert effects on not only hematopoietic cells but also tumor vascular ECs and/or stromal fibroblasts, altering tumor vasculature to promote anti-tumor immunity (Johansson et al., 2012; Lu et al., 2009; Tian et al., 2017). This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and neoplasm.