IFNA1 and infection: The intracellular viral dynamics describes molecular-level events within individual cells, including the infection, binding, entry, replication of SARS-CoV-2, and IFN response signaling pathways (Fig 2 Intracellular), whereas the multicellular infection process describes the infectious cell-to-cell transmissions and the immune response that involves interactions between infected cells, cytokines, and T cell activities (Fig 2 Intercellular).