Noting the problems inherent in cross-trial comparisons, the current results compare favorably with those obtained with other standard first-line treatments for advanced melanoma, such as pembrolizumab, for which a 5-year OS rate of 43.2% has been reported as first-line treatment.10 Five-year OS rates of 31% to 35% have been reported with the combination of BRAF and MEK inhibitors in BRAF-mutant melanoma.11-13. This evidence concerns the gene BRAF and melanoma.