Mutations in the LysoPS lipase ABHD12 cause the human neurodegenerative disorder PHARC (polyneuropathy, hearing loss, ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa, and cataract), and studies in ABHD12-deficient mice suggested that this is due to elevated brain lysoPS levels and consecutively stimulated innate immune cell function52. The gene discussed is ABHD12; the disease is polyneuropathy.