Chen et al.21reported downregulation of C3aR/C5aR inhibits cell proliferation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HCC. Complement factor H, a negative regulator of the alternative pathway of the complement system, has been reported that its deficiency in mice caused spontaneous hepatic tumors.22 The gene discussed is C3AR1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.