HSPG2 and injury: Zhang et al. [33] demonstrated that inhibition of aldose reductase, which plays a key role in a number of inflammatory diseases, significantly attenuated LPS-induced activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and phospholipase C (PLC), and that such inhibition can work as a switch which regulates microglia by polarization either to M1 or M2 activity after spinal trauma.