MUC1 and ventilator-associated pneumonia: Of note, 100% of VAP patients who were Pa-positive had MUC1-ED levels ≥ 2.87 μg/mg BALF protein (range, 2.87 to 5.34 μg/mg), whereas all patients who were infected with other microorganisms or culture-negative had MUC1-ED levels ≤ 1.55 μg/mg (range, 0.05 to 1.55 μg/mg).