MUC1 and ventilator-associated pneumonia: normalized MUC1-ED levels were 4.01 ± 0.19 μg/mg BALF protein (range, 2.87 μg/mg to 5.34 μg/mg) in the BALF from the 13 Pa-infected VAP patients compared with 0.71 ± 0.05 μg/mg (range, 0.05 μg/mg to 1.55 μg/mg) in the BALF from the 32 patients infected with other microorganisms and 0.52 ± 0.08 μg/mg (range, 0.17 μg/mg to 1.24 μg/mg) in the BALF from the 16 culture-negative patients (Fig. 2A,B).