However, Sema4F and other semaphorins also have major regulatory functions in cancer biology and it is also anticipated that the observed Sema4F up-regulation could also exert a tumor cell autonomous function, for instance by promoting neurite-like protrusions of tumor cells, or by influencing other tumor stroma cells, such as endothelial cells or cancer-associated fibroblasts (Tamagnone, 2012; Neufeld et al, 2016; Butti et al, 2018). The gene discussed is SEMA4F; the disease is neoplasm.