Compared to control animals, HIV-1 infection decreased MAP 2 (Fig. 5c and d) and NeuN (Fig. 5h and i) expression by 3.8 and 15-fold, respectively; whereas in the HIV + MVC group, MAP 2 and NeuN expression increased by 3.2-fold (Fig. 5c and d, P < 0.01) and 10.6-fold (Fig. 5h and i, P < 0.001), respectively, compared to animals in the HIV group. The gene discussed is RBFOX3; the disease is HIV-1 infection.