Autopsy studies of HIV-infected people, including those who had been on long-term ART, showed the presence of proteopathy and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)-like CNS pathologies, including increased deposits of amyloid-beta (Aβ), formation of amyloid plaques in neuronal cells and perivascular areas, hyperphosphorylation of Tau proteins, and the presence of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs)-like structures [17–20]. This evidence concerns the gene MAPT and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.