CHMP5 and infection: Consistent with all of the HCoVs being able to enter cells via the endocytic pathway, we found that NCOA7 inhibited infection by SARS-CoV-1 (Fig 2A), MERS-CoV (Fig 2B), HCoV-229E (Fig 2C) and HCoV-NL63 (Fig 2D) Spike pseudotypes, demonstrating the pan-coronavirus antiviral activity of NCOA7.