CD4 and rheumatoid arthritis: A representative scheme showing the flow cytometry gating strategy used for the analysis of pTh17 cells defined by CD4+IL-17A+IFN-γ+ or CD4+IL-17A+GM-CSF+ cells (21, 23) is provided in Supplemental Figure 1; supplemental material available online with this article; https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.149985DS1 As expected, the results showed that the proportions of CD4+IL-17A+IFN-γ+ cells and CD4+IL-17A+GM-CSF+ cells were elevated in PBMCs of patients with RA compared with patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and healthy donors (HDs) (Figure 1, A and B).