TNF and aortic stenosis: Unlike IGF1 and PPARγ, SRA co-activation negatively regulates Toll-like-recptor 4 (Tlr4) and subsequent TNFα release, both of which have been linked to the pro-inflammatory response in the early stages of atherosclerosis and aortic stenosis (Chong et al., 2004; Xu et al., 2010; Liu et al., 2016; Goody et al., 2020).