It has been reported that PD-L1 overexpression is significantly associated with tumor grade and the postoperative prognosis of human urothelial cancers (Nakanishi et al., 2007; Boorjian et al., 2008), and PD-L1 can inhibit the function of T cells, such as inhibiting cytokine production, inducing cell apoptosis, and reducing T cell cytotoxicity (Dong et al., 2002; Iwai et al., 2002). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.