IL-1β, as an additional pyroptosis important inflammatory factor, was found to be significantly elevated in cluster C. The IL-1β pathways promote tumor growth and metastasis in breast cancer models, and tumor progression is associated with increased levels of IL-1β at primary and metastatic sites, an effect associated with activation of the inflammasome NLRP3 (Guo et al., 2016). Here, NLRP3 is linked to breast cancer.