PD-L1 is known to be expressed on tumor cells and/or tumor infiltration immune cells, and its interaction with PD-1 expressed on activated T cells inhibits the T cell responses against the tumor, enabling tumor immune evasion (Dong et al., 2002; Chen, 2004; Zou and Chen, 2008; Pardoll, 2012; Kamphorst et al., 2017). The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.