Given both direct and indirect roles of leptin in ovulation (Wołodko et al., 2021), the failure in leptin signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in late obesity could account for increased anovulatory rates in obese mothers (Wu et al., 2010; Hou et al., 2016). The gene discussed is LEP; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.