Di Bella et al. found that citrate-covered gold nanoparticles (Cit-AuNP) could prevent the process of NF-κB translocation to the nucleus by decreasing the phosphorylation of inhibitor of kappa B alpha (IκBα), which was followed by decreased expression of pro-inflammatory factor ICAM-1 on leukocytes and reduced adhesion of leukocyte to the endothelium of intracerebral blood vessels, ultimately alleviating the inflammatory response in the brain by BBB protection and reducing the occurrence of SAE during sepsis (Di Bella et al., 2021) (Figure 2). Here, NFKB1 is linked to Sepsis.