They also showed that IL-1β was one of the first increased inflammatory factors in sepsis and the dysfunctional BBB, in turn, allowed other inflammatory mediators including IL-1β to enter the brain as well as the cerebrospinal fluid, consequently leading to the appearance of cognitive impairment (Imamura et al., 2011; Mina et al., 2014). This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and Sepsis.