For example, the microenvironmental synapse protein NLGN3 stimulates glioma growth by activating multiple oncogenic pathways (e.g., focal adhesion kinase activated upstream of PI3K-mTOR) and inducing transcriptional changes (e.g., upregulation of synapse-related genes in glioma cells) (33, 34). This evidence concerns the gene NLGN3 and glioma.