DYRK1A and neoplasm: DYRK1A overexpression appears to be also very important in the oncogenesis in people with DS since, when overexpressed, it has a dual effect: on the one hand, it has a tumor-suppressing effect via growth inhibition and premature neuronal differentiation, and, on the other hand, it also has leukemogenic properties, especially in acute myeloblastic leukemia (Créau, 2012; Nižetić and Groet, 2012; Abbassi et al., 2015; Fernández-Martínez et al., 2015; Schneider et al., 2015; Hasle et al., 2016).