Further, in treating MDA5+/- mice with poly I:C, an additional IFN-I inducer, following CB4 infection, we simulated the environmental context in which humans are exposed to multiple IFN-I stimuli, and demonstrated the strength of the protective phenotype that results with a reduction in MDA5 signaling in withstanding additional IFN-I chaos. This evidence concerns the gene IFIH1 and infection.