Though CB3-infected MDA5+/- mice have similar levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-17a, and IL-10 (data not shown) by day 7 following infection, CB3-infect MDA5+/- mice have greater systemic levels of both IFN-α and IFN-β compared to CB3-infected wt mice (Figure 3A). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is infection.