CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Immunotherapy, mainly enhancing the anti-tumor immune responses through targeting the T cell regulatory pathway in TIME, has shown enormous potential and promising results for improving disease control in NSCLC patients in recent years (11)—for instance, the 5-year OS rate triggered by immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint blockades (ICB), now surpasses 25% for patients with high programmed cell death protein ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression (tumor proportion score ≥50%) (12), but the long-term clinical benefits occur only in a limited portion of patients (13).