Pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines related to neuroinflammation in NPSLE were identified in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of SLE patients for use as biomarkers or therapeutic targets; in particular, the levels of type 1 interferons, TNFs, and IL-6 are elevated and contribute to the pathology of depression (4, 6, 8, 22). Here, IL6 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.