Hingane et al. (2020) also indicated that the HEV ORF2 protein affects both the IFN-β and NF-κB axes of the RIG-I and TLR signaling pathways via targeting innate immune signaling downstream of adapter proteins and upstream of IRF3. Moreover, the ORF2 protein of HEV can stabilize inhibitor kappa B alpha (IκBα), thereby inhibiting NF-κB activity in human hepatoma cells (Figure 5; Surjit et al., 2012). The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.