GPT and Insulin resistance: After 12 weeks, compared to control males, T2D mice displayed significant changes in serum metabolic biomarkers, including increased serum glucose, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1, a marker of insulin resistance), metabolic liver enzymes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (Figure 3B).