PPARGC1A and neoplasm: In mice with subcutaneous tumors and patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), TAMs have been shown to exacerbate tumor hypoxia via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) activation (171) which could perpetuate tumor dormancy.