Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease that usually leads to a severe loss of insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells, whereas type 2 diabetes (T2D) is generally characterized by a reduced capability of peripheral tissues to respond to insulin and the incapacity of β-cells to secrete enough hormone to compensate for the higher demand. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus.