CCN2 and diabetes mellitus: In the heart, CTGF has been found to be epigenetically regulated by microRNA-133 and -30 (Duisters et al., 2009), pointing to these miRNAs as putative epigenetic marks that may be involved in the intrauterine programming of CTGF upregulation in the offspring’s heart as they have also been found increased in serum exosomes isolated from pregnant dams with diabetes (Shi et al., 2017).