In a pathological setting, Aβ provokes superoxide production by microglia through NOX2, and this accounts for the Aβ-induced inhibition of LTP in brain slices from mice (Wang Q. et al., 2004), and similarly, in the remitting phase of an experimental multiple sclerosis model, hippocampal LTP is impaired because of microglial NOX2 activity (Di Filippo et al., 2016). Here, CYBB is linked to multiple sclerosis.