BDNF and neurodegenerative disease: In vivo studies revealed that gintonin-mediated activation of the LPA–LPA receptor axis induces many beneficial brain functions through the facilitation of hippocampal synaptic transmission and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to prevent and attenuate neurodegenerative diseases [[14], [15], [16], [17], [18]].