The results of GSEA show that terms associated with multiple tumor hallmarks, such as apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, inflammatory response, TNFA signaling, and IL6-JAK-STAT3 signaling, were predominantly enriched in cluster 2 (NOM p and FDR q-value < 0.001, Fig. 3a). This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and neoplasm.