CALR and cancer: Thus, cancer cells expressing increased levels of intracellular CRT, potentially have an elevated amount of CRT that may be release exogenously via the stress induced by DX and TG treatments and could possibly bind to a number of surface proteins and increase their immunogenicity, Our results show treatment of cells with TG and DX led to an increase in CRT protein detection and release of CRT from cells compared to untreated cells (Fig. 5b).