These experiments demonstrate that irrespective of the type of mechanism inducing CRT cell surface exposure or release from dead or dying cells, once on the cell surface, CRT can act as a “damage-associated molecular pattern” (DAMP), potentially enhancing the uptake of tumour cells by professional phagocytes such as DCs and resulting in a T-cell mediated tumouricidal response. This evidence concerns the gene CALR and neoplasm.