In the context of our prior suppositions regarding enhancement of the effects of cardiac reprogramming by VEGF in vivo, it is interesting that Lee et al. have also noted that administration of ETV2 at the time of coronary ligation improves post-MI cardiac function, although they attributed their observation to ETV2-mediated endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis rather than to cardiac fibroblast—endothelial cell transdifferentiation38. Here, VEGFA is linked to myocardial infarction.