Here, we show a cell-adhesive fiber-forming peptide that mimics the jigsaw-shaped hydrophobic surface in the dovetail-packing motif of glycophorin A (GYPA)19,20, called the jigsaw-shaped self-assembling peptide (JigSAP), allowed efficient incorporation and sustained release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and showed cell transplantation-free regenerative therapeutic effects on a subacute-chronic phase mouse stroke model. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and stroke disorder.