Taken together, our results suggest that deletion of Blimp1 in Treg cells specifically converted TIL Treg and TFR cells into Teff, which cooperated with both cellular and humoral anti-tumor components to reprogram the immunosuppressive TME into an immunostimulatory milieu and to enhance tumor immunogenicity, resulting in better tumor control and augmented response to anti-PD-1 blockade (Fig. 9a). Here, PDCD1 is linked to neoplasm.