Newly synthesized PaPE-1 selectively activates membrane (nonnuclear/extranuclear) estrogen receptors (ERs), namely, mERα, and mERβ, and has been shown to evoke neuroprotection in a cellular model of AD and in a mouse model of stroke, specifically transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). This evidence concerns the gene ESR1 and stroke disorder.