TNF and colitis: Interestingly, also memantine acting by blocking N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors significantly attenuates macroscopic and microscopic signs of colitis in a mouse model decreasing the plasma levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and colon level of tumor necrosis factor-α and myeloperoxidase (Motaghi et al. 2016).