We concluded that molecular study of Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) gene mutation important because the abnormalities in NPM1 play a critical role in several types of myeloid malignancies and investigation of NPM1 gene mutation in AML patients can be used as diagnostic tools for prognostication and optimization of patient care as well as open the door to new therapeutic strategies for cancer therapy. The gene discussed is NPM1; the disease is myeloid neoplasm.