demonstrated that the application of an oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) expressing IL-12 in combination with antibodies against CTLA-4 and PD-L1 shows a regression of almost all tumors in two GBM mouse models by inducing an effector T-cell influx and an increase in the M1 phenotype of macrophages (340). Here, CTLA4 is linked to glioblastoma.