Considering the anti-inflammatory effects of insulin and IGF-1 on microglia (Labandeira-Garcia et al., 2017; Shaughness et al., 2020) and observations that age-related changes of microglia toward pro-inflammatory phenotypes are implicated in brain aging and neurodegenerative disorders (Gemma et al., 2010; Chowen and Garcia-Segura, 2020), microglial insulin/IGF resistance may underlie chronic inflammation in the brain, which is associated with dementia (Lutshumba et al., 2021). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is dementia.