HLA-C and neoplasm: Recently, it has been reported that epigenetic therapy such as DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi) could not only upregulate the expression of tumour-associated antigens but also induce the enhancement of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules on tumour cells via cancer testis antigen (CTA), thereby ultimately mounting the visibility of tumour cells to the adaptive immune system23–26.