GOLM1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Since GOLM1 serves as a specific cargo adaptor mediating transport processes between trans-Golgi network and plasma membrane21, we hypothesized that in addition to promoting the expression of PD-L1 on HCC cells, GOLM1 might facilitate the transfer of PD-L1 from tumor cells to macrophages via exosomes in the HCC microenvironment.