Furthermore, there is preclinical evidence that the benefits of MSCs and CPCs for the treatment of ischemic cardiomyopathy may be additive (2,4), but no clinical trial had examined a combination of different cell types for treatment of HF before the CONCERT-HF (Combination Of meseNchymal and c-kit+ Cardiac stEm cells as Regenerative Therapy for Heart Failure) trial. Here, KIT is linked to hydrops fetalis.