A recent study revealed that exo-miR-188-3p injection into the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of mice with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD could inhibit cell division protein kinase 5 (CDK5)-induced apoptosis and NACHT leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-induced pyroptosis [104]. This evidence concerns the gene CDK5 and Parkinson disease.